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ACAM2000

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</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:2px;"><caption class="infobox-title">ACAM2000</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;"><a href="Vaccine" title="Vaccine">Vaccine description</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;">Target</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Smallpox" title="Smallpox">Smallpox</a>, <a href="Mpox" title="Mpox">Mpox</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="Vaccine#Types" title="Vaccine">Vaccine type</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Live virus</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;">Clinical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="Drug_nomenclature#Trade_names" title="Drug nomenclature">Trade names</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Acam2000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="American_Society_of_Health-System_Pharmacists" title="American Society of Health-System Pharmacists">AHFS</a>/<a href="Drugs.com" title="Drugs.com">Drugs.com</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/monograph/smallpox-and-mpox-vaccine-live.html">Monograph</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">License data</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">

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<ul><li><abbr class="country-name" title="United States">US</abbr> <a href="DailyMed" title="DailyMed">DailyMed</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=Acam2000">Acam2000</a></li></ul></div>

</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="Pregnancy_category" title="Pregnancy category">Pregnancy category</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist">

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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="Route_of_administration" title="Route of administration">Routes of administration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Percutaneous injection<a href="#cite_note-ACAM2000_FDA_label-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="Anatomical_Therapeutic_Chemical_Classification_System" title="Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System">ATC code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="ATC_code_J07" title="ATC code J07">J07BX01</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J07BX01">WHO</a>) </li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;">Legal status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">Legal status</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist">

<ul><li><abbr class="country-name" title="Australia">AU</abbr>: <a href="Standard_for_the_Uniform_Scheduling_of_Medicines_and_Poisons#Schedule_4" title="Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons">S4</a> (Prescription only)<a href="#cite_note-ACAM2000_TGA-1">[1]</a></li>

<li><abbr class="country-name" title="Canada">CA</abbr>: <a href="Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug"> ℞-only</a> / Schedule D<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></li>

</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=860435-78-5">860435-78-5</a> N<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="DrugBank" title="DrugBank">DrugBank</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB15497">DB15497</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/4SV59689SK">4SV59689SK</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D05295">D05295</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table>

ACAM2000 is a <a href="Smallpox_vaccine" title="Smallpox vaccine">smallpox vaccine</a> and an mpox vaccine manufactured by <a href="Emergent_Biosolutions" class="mw-redirect" title="Emergent Biosolutions">Emergent Biosolutions</a>. It provides protection against <a href="Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a> for people determined to be at high risk for smallpox infection.<a href="#cite_note-ACAM2000_FDA_label-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-FDA_ACAM2000-4">[4]</a> ACAM2000 is a live replicating <a href="Vaccinia_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaccinia virus">vaccinia virus</a> vaccine.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR_20240830-5">[5]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medical_uses">Medical uses</h2></div>

ACAM2000 is <a href="Indicated" class="mw-redirect" title="Indicated">indicated</a> for active immunization against smallpox disease for individuals determined to be at high risk for smallpox infection.<a href="#cite_note-ACAM2000_FDA_label-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-FDA_ACAM2000-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR_20240830-5">[5]</a> It is also indicated for the active prevention of <a href="Mpox" title="Mpox">mpox</a> disease in individuals determined to be at high risk for mpox infection.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR_20240830-5">[5]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

ACAM2000 is a vaccine developed by Acambis, which was acquired by Sanofi Pasteur in 2008, before selling the smallpox vaccine to Emergent Biosolutions in 2017. Six strains of vaccinia were isolated from 3,000 doses of Dryvax and found to exhibit significant variation in virulence. The strain with the most similar virulence to the overall Dryvax mixture was selected and grown in <a href="MRC-5" title="MRC-5">MRC-5</a> cells to make the ACAM1000 vaccine. After a successful Phase I trial of ACAM1000, the virus was passaged three times in <a href="Vero_cell" title="Vero cell">Vero cells</a> to develop ACAM2000, which entered mass production at <a href="Baxter_International" title="Baxter International">Baxter</a>. The United States ordered over 200 million doses of ACAM2000 in 1999–2001 for its stockpile, and production is ongoing to replace expired vaccine.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a>

Emergent Biosolutions developed ACAM2000 under a contract with the US <a href="Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CDC).<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a>

The US <a href="Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA) approved ACAM2000 in August 2007.<a href="#cite_note-ACAM2000_FDA_label-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-FDA_ACAM2000-4">[4]</a> By February 2008, it replaced Dryvax for all smallpox vaccinations.<a href="#cite_note-Nalca-10">[10]</a>

As of 2010, there were over 200 million doses manufactured for the US <a href="Strategic_National_Stockpile" title="Strategic National Stockpile">Strategic National Stockpile</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Nalca-10">[10]</a>

According to the US FDA, "The approval and availability of this second-generation smallpox vaccine in the Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) enhances the emergency preparedness of the United States against the use of smallpox as a dangerous <a href="Biological_weapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological weapon">biological weapon</a>."<a href="#cite_note-ACAM2000_Q&A-11">[11]</a>

In August 2024, ACAM2000 was approved for mpox prevention in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration_of_ACAM2000">Administration of ACAM2000</h2></div>

The ACAM2000 vaccine is produced from the <a href="Vaccinia" title="Vaccinia">vaccinia</a> virus, which is sufficiently closely related to smallpox to provide immunity, but the ACAM2000 vaccine cannot cause smallpox because it does not contain the smallpox virus.<a href="#cite_note-ACAM2000_Q&A-11">[11]</a> Other vaccines containing live viruses include <a href="Measles" title="Measles">measles</a>, <a href="Mumps" title="Mumps">mumps</a>, <a href="Rubella" title="Rubella">rubella</a>, <a href="Polio_vaccine" title="Polio vaccine">polio</a> and <a href="Chickenpox" title="Chickenpox">chickenpox</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a>

The vaccine is administered using a <a href="Bifurcated_needle" title="Bifurcated needle">bifurcated</a> stainless steel needle. The needle is dipped into the vaccine solution and used to prick the skin several times in the upper arm. The vaccinia virus will begin to grow at the injection site. It will cause a localized infection, with a red itchy sore produced at the vaccination site within three to four days. If the infection occurs, that is an indication that the vaccine was successful. Ultimately, the sore turns into a blister and then dries up. A scab forms and then falls off in the third week, leaving a small scar behind.<a href="#cite_note-ACAM2000_Q&A-11">[11]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Risks">Risks</h2></div>

Administration of ACAM2000 poses risks and may cause side effects. Most people who have taken the vaccine only report mild reactions. Reactions may include a sore arm, fever, and body aches. Some people may have more serious side effects, including effects that may be life-threatening.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a>

According to the FDA-approved prescribing information leaflet, "Common adverse events include inoculation site signs and symptoms, lymphadenitis, and constitutional symptoms, such as malaise, fatigue, fever, myalgia, and headache."<a href="#cite_note-ACAM2000_FDA_label-2">[2]</a> These reactions are less frequent in people being revaccinated than those receiving the vaccine for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-ACAM2000_FDA_label-2">[2]</a>

No known contraindications exist to receiving the vaccine in case of an outbreak emergency. Furthermore, it is recommended that the vaccine should be given to pregnant women who have been exposed to smallpox. "Because the risk of maternal serious illness or death, prematurity, miscarriage, or stillbirth from a smallpox infection are greater than the risk of the vaccination, smallpox vaccine is recommended and should be offered to pregnant women in case of an outbreak emergency."<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tga.gov.au/resources/artg/153108">"ACAM2000 smallpox vaccine (live vaccinia virus) vial with diluent (153108)"</a>. Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 26 May 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2024.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dhpp.hpfb-dgpsa.ca/review-documents/resource/RDS1702485830271">"Regulatory Decision Summary for ACAM2000"</a>. Drug and Health Products Portal. 5 December 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240402052302/https://dhpp.hpfb-dgpsa.ca/review-documents/resource/RDS1702485830271">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2024. Retrieved 2 April 2024.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-FDA_ACAM2000-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FDA_ACAM2000_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FDA_ACAM2000_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FDA_ACAM2000_4-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FDA_ACAM2000_4-3">d</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190930032741/https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/acam2000">"ACAM2000"</a>. U.S. <a href="Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA). 29 August 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/acam2000">the original</a> on 30 September 2019. Retrieved 1 September 2024.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-FDA_PR_20240830-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FDA_PR_20240830_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FDA_PR_20240830_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FDA_PR_20240830_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FDA_PR_20240830_5-3">d</a> <cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-roundup-august-30-2024">"FDA Roundup: August 30, 2024"</a>. U.S. <a href="Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA) (Press release). 30 August 2024. Retrieved 1 September 2024.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cfile204.uf.daum.net/attach/99D1CC495CC112781A6A94">http://cfile204.uf.daum.net/attach/99D1CC495CC112781A6A94</a>.</cite> <code class="cs1-code">{{cite web}}</code>: Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (help)

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<li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFMonathCaldwellMundtFusco2004" class="citation journal cs1">Monath TP, Caldwell JR, Mundt W, Fusco J, Johnson CS, Buller M, et al. (October 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7110559">"ACAM2000 clonal Vero cell culture vaccinia virus (New York City Board of Health strain)--a second-generation smallpox vaccine for biological defense"</a>. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 8 (Suppl 2): S31 – S44. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijid.2004.09.002">10.1016/j.ijid.2004.09.002</a>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7110559">7110559</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15491873">15491873</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFNalcaZumbrun2010" class="citation journal cs1">Nalca A, Zumbrun EE (May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2880337">"ACAM2000: the new smallpox vaccine for United States Strategic National Stockpile"</a>. Drug Design, Development and Therapy. 4: 71–79. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2147%2Fdddt.s3687">10.2147/dddt.s3687</a>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2880337">2880337</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20531961">20531961</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180814001733/https://emergentbiosolutions.com/sites/default/files/inline-files/ABOUT%20ACAM2000_2.pdf">"About ACAM2000"</a> (PDF). Emergent Biosolutions. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://emergentbiosolutions.com/sites/default/files/inline-files/ABOUT%20ACAM2000_2.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 14 August 2018. Retrieved 8 September 2018.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-Nalca-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nalca_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nalca_10-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFNalcaZumbrun2010" class="citation journal cs1">Nalca A, Zumbrun EE (May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2880337">"ACAM2000: the new smallpox vaccine for United States Strategic National Stockpile"</a>. Drug Design, Development and Therapy. 4: 71–79. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2147%2Fdddt.s3687">10.2147/dddt.s3687</a>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2880337">2880337</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20531961">20531961</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-ACAM2000_Q&A-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ACAM2000_Q&A_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ACAM2000_Q&A_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ACAM2000_Q&A_11-2">c</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191215061629/https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/acam2000-smallpox-vaccine-questions-and-answers">"ACAM2000 (Smallpox Vaccine) Questions and Answers"</a>. U.S. <a href="Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/acam2000-smallpox-vaccine-questions-and-answers">the original</a> on 15 December 2019. Retrieved 8 September 2018.</cite> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.globenewswire.com/en/news-release/2024/08/29/2938196/33240/en/Emergent-BioSolutions-ACAM2000-Smallpox-and-Mpox-Vaccinia-Vaccine-Live-Receives-U-S-FDA-Approval-for-Mpox-Indication-Public-Health-Mpox-Outbreak-Continues-Across-Africa-Other-Regio.html">"Emergent Biosolutions' ACAM2000, (Smallpox and Mpox (Vaccinia) Vaccine, Live) Receives U.S. FDA Approval for Mpox Indication; Public Health Mpox Outbreak Continues Across Africa & Other Regions"</a> (Press release). Emergent Biosolutions. 29 August 2024. Retrieved 1 September 2024 – via GlobeNewswire.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/smallpox/vaccine-basics/index.html">"Smallpox Vaccine Basics"</a>. U.S. <a href="Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CDC). 13 July 2017. Retrieved 8 September 2018.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/smallpox/vaccine-basics/vaccine-safety.html">"Smallpox Vaccine Safety"</a>. U.S. <a href="Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CDC). 13 July 2017. Retrieved 8 September 2018.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/smallpox-vaccine.html#ref_pregnancy">"Smallpox vaccine Use During Pregnancy"</a>. Drugs.com. Retrieved 8 September 2018.</cite>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/media/75800/download">"Medication Guide Smallpox (Vaccinia) Vaccine, Live ACAM2000"</a> (PDF). U.S. <a href="Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA).</cite></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Artificial_induction_of_immunity_/_Immunization:_Vaccines,_Vaccination,_Infection,_Inoculation_(J07)548" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Artificial_induction_of_immunity" title="Artificial induction of immunity">Artificial induction of immunity</a> / <a href="Immunization" title="Immunization">Immunization</a>: <a href="Vaccine" title="Vaccine">Vaccines</a>, <a href="Vaccination" title="Vaccination">Vaccination</a>, <a href="Infection" title="Infection">Infection</a>, <a href="Inoculation" title="Inoculation">Inoculation</a> (<a href="ATC_code_J07" title="ATC code J07">J07</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Immunologic_adjuvant" title="Immunologic adjuvant">Adjuvants</a></li>

<li><a href="Vaccine_ingredients" title="Vaccine ingredients">Vaccine ingredients</a>

<li><a href="Mathematical_modelling_of_infectious_diseases" title="Mathematical modelling of infectious diseases">Mathematical modelling</a></li>

<li><a href="Vaccine_storage" title="Vaccine storage">Storage</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_human_vaccines" title="Timeline of human vaccines">Timeline</a></li>

<li><a href="Vaccine_trial" title="Vaccine trial">Trials</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Conjugate_vaccine" title="Conjugate vaccine">Conjugate</a></li>

<li><a href="Inactivated_vaccine" title="Inactivated vaccine">Inactivated</a></li>

<li>Live

<ul><li><a href="Attenuated_vaccine" title="Attenuated vaccine">Attenuated</a></li>

<li><a href="Heterologous_vaccine" title="Heterologous vaccine">Heterologous</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Subunit_vaccine" title="Subunit vaccine">Subunit/component</a> / <a href="Peptide_vaccine" title="Peptide vaccine">Peptide</a> / <a href="Virus-like_particle" title="Virus-like particle">Virus-like particle</a> / <a href="Synthetic_vaccine" title="Synthetic vaccine">Synthetic</a></li>

<li><a href="Therapeutic_vaccines" title="Therapeutic vaccines">Therapeutic</a></li>

<li><a href="Toxoid" title="Toxoid">Toxoid</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Global:

<ul><li><a href="GAVI" title="GAVI">GAVI Alliance</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Immunization_Technical_Advisory_Group" title="National Immunization Technical Advisory Group">NITAG</a></li>

<li><a href="Vaccine_wastage" title="Vaccine wastage">Vaccine wastage</a></li>

<li><a href="Vaccination_policy" title="Vaccination policy">Policy</a></li>

<li><a href="Vaccination_schedule" title="Vaccination schedule">Schedule</a></li>

<li><a href="Vaccine_adverse_event" title="Vaccine adverse event">Vaccine injury</a></li></ul></li>

<li>US:

<li><a href="National_Vaccine_Injury_Compensation_Program" title="National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program">Vaccine court</a></li>

<li><a href="Vaccines_for_Children_Program" title="Vaccines for Children Program">Vaccines for Children Program</a></li>

<li><a href="Vaccine_Adverse_Event_Reporting_System" title="Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System">VAERS</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vaccines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bacterial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anthrax_vaccine" title="Anthrax vaccine">Anthrax</a></li>

<li><a href="Brucellosis_vaccine" title="Brucellosis vaccine">Brucellosis</a></li>

<li><a href="Cholera_vaccine" title="Cholera vaccine">Cholera</a>#</li>

<li><a href="Diphtheria_vaccine" title="Diphtheria vaccine">Diphtheria</a>#</li>

<li><a href="Leptospirosis#Prevention" title="Leptospirosis">Leptospirosis</a></li>

<li><a href="Lyme_disease#Vaccination" title="Lyme disease">Lyme disease</a>‡</li>

<li><a href="Meningococcal_vaccine" title="Meningococcal vaccine">Meningococcus</a>#

<ul><li><a href="MeNZB" title="MeNZB">MeNZB</a></li>

<li><a href="NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135" title="NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135">NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Pertussis_vaccine" title="Pertussis vaccine">Pertussis</a>#</li>

<li><a href="Plague_vaccine" title="Plague vaccine">Plague</a></li>

<li><a href="Pneumococcal_vaccine" title="Pneumococcal vaccine">Pneumococcal</a>#

<li><a href="Q_fever#Prevention" title="Q fever">Q fever</a></li>

<li><a href="Tetanus_vaccine" title="Tetanus vaccine">Tetanus</a>#</li>

<li><a href="Tuberculosis_vaccines" title="Tuberculosis vaccines">Tuberculosis</a>

<li><a href="Typhoid_vaccine" title="Typhoid vaccine">Typhoid</a>#

<li><a href="Vi_capsular_polysaccharide_vaccine" title="Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine">ViCPS</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Typhus_vaccine" title="Typhus vaccine">Typhus</a></li>

<li>combination:

<li>research:

<ul><li><a href="Clostridioides_difficile_infection#Research" title="Clostridioides difficile infection">Clostridioides difficile</a></li>

<li><a href="Group_B_streptococcal_infection#Vaccine" title="Group B streptococcal infection">Group B streptococcal disease</a></li>

<li><a href="Shigellosis#Vaccine" title="Shigellosis">Shigellosis</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Viral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Adenovirus_vaccine" title="Adenovirus vaccine">Adenovirus</a></li>

<li><a href="Chikungunya_vaccine" title="Chikungunya vaccine">Chikungunya</a></li>

<li><a href="Ebola_vaccine" title="Ebola vaccine">Ebola</a>

<ul><li><a href="RVSV-ZEBOV_vaccine" title="RVSV-ZEBOV vaccine">rVSV-ZEBOV</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Influenza_vaccine" title="Influenza vaccine">Flu</a>#

<ul><li><a href="2009_swine_flu_pandemic_vaccine" title="2009 swine flu pandemic vaccine">H1N1</a> (<a href="Pandemrix" title="Pandemrix">Pandemrix</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Hantavirus_vaccine" title="Hantavirus vaccine">Hantavirus</a></li>

<li><a href="Hepatitis_A_vaccine" title="Hepatitis A vaccine">Hepatitis A</a>#</li>

<li><a href="Hepatitis_B_vaccine" title="Hepatitis B vaccine">Hepatitis B</a>#</li>

<li><a href="Hepatitis_E#Vaccines" title="Hepatitis E">Hepatitis E</a></li>

<li><a href="HPV_vaccine" title="HPV vaccine">HPV</a>#

<ul><li><a href="Cervarix" title="Cervarix">Cervarix</a></li>

<li><a href="Gardasil" title="Gardasil">Gardasil</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Japanese_encephalitis_vaccine" title="Japanese encephalitis vaccine">Japanese encephalitis</a>#</li>

<li><a href="Measles_vaccine" title="Measles vaccine">Measles</a>#</li>

<li><a href="Mumps_vaccine" title="Mumps vaccine">Mumps</a>#</li>

<li><a href="Polio_vaccine" title="Polio vaccine">Polio</a>#

<ul><li><a href="Polio_vaccine#Attenuated" title="Polio vaccine">Sabin</a></li>

<li><a href="Rabies_vaccine" title="Rabies vaccine">Rabies</a>#</li>

<li><a href="Rotavirus_vaccine" title="Rotavirus vaccine">Rotavirus</a>#</li>

<li><a href="Rubella_vaccine" title="Rubella vaccine">Rubella</a>#</li>

<ul><li><a href="Corbevax" title="Corbevax">Corbevax</a>†</li>

<li><a href="Covaxin" title="Covaxin">Bharat Biotech</a>†</li>

<li><a href="Convidecia" title="Convidecia">CanSino</a>†</li>

<li><a href="CoronaVac" title="CoronaVac">CoronaVac</a>†</li>

<li><a href="EpiVacCorona" title="EpiVacCorona">EpiVacCorona</a>†</li>

<li><a href="Janssen_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Janssen COVID-19 vaccine">Janssen</a></li>

<li><a href="Zapomeran" title="Zapomeran">Kostaive</a></li>

<li><a href="Moderna_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Moderna COVID-19 vaccine">Moderna</a></li>

<li><a href="Novavax_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Novavax COVID-19 vaccine">Novavax</a></li>

<li><a href="Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine">Oxford–AstraZeneca</a></li>

<li><a href="Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine">Pfizer–BioNTech</a></li>

<li><a href="Sanofi%E2%80%93GSK_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sanofi–GSK COVID-19 vaccine">Sanofi–GSK</a>†</li>

<li><a href="Sinopharm_BIBP_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine">Sinopharm BIBP</a>†</li>

<li><a href="Skycovione" title="Skycovione">Skycovione</a>†</li>

<li><a href="Sputnik_V_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine">Sputnik V</a>†</li>

<li><a href="Valneva_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Valneva COVID-19 vaccine">Valneva</a>†</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Respiratory_syncytial_virus_vaccine" title="Respiratory syncytial virus vaccine">Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)</a></li>

<li><a href="Smallpox_vaccine" title="Smallpox vaccine">Smallpox</a></li>

<li><a href="Tick-borne_encephalitis_vaccine" title="Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine">Tick-borne encephalitis</a>#</li>

<li>Varicella zoster

<ul><li><a href="Varicella_vaccine" title="Varicella vaccine">Chicken pox</a>#</li>

<li><a href="Zoster_vaccine" title="Zoster vaccine">Shingles</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Yellow_fever_vaccine" title="Yellow fever vaccine">Yellow fever</a>#</li>

<li>combination:

<ul><li><a href="Hepatitis_A_and_B_vaccine" title="Hepatitis A and B vaccine">Hepatitis A and B</a></li>

<li>research:

<ul><li><a href="Cytomegalovirus_vaccine" title="Cytomegalovirus vaccine">Cytomegalovirus</a></li>

<li><a href="Dengue_vaccine" title="Dengue vaccine">Dengue</a>#</li>

<li><a href="Epstein%E2%80%93Barr_virus_vaccine" title="Epstein–Barr virus vaccine">Epstein–Barr virus</a></li>

<li><a href="Hepatitis_C_vaccine" title="Hepatitis C vaccine">Hepatitis C</a></li>

<li><a href="Herpes_simplex_research" title="Herpes simplex research">Herpes simplex</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Protozoan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Malaria_vaccine" title="Malaria vaccine">Malaria</a>

<li>research:

<ul><li><a href="Trypanosomiasis_vaccine" title="Trypanosomiasis vaccine">Trypanosomiasis</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Helminthiasis" title="Helminthiasis">Helminthiasis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>research:

<ul><li><a href="Hookworm_vaccine" title="Hookworm vaccine">Hookworm</a></li>

<li><a href="Schistosomiasis_vaccine" title="Schistosomiasis vaccine">Schistosomiasis</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Androvax" title="Androvax">Androvax (androstenedione albumin)</a></li>

<li><a href="Cancer_vaccine" title="Cancer vaccine">Cancer vaccines</a>

<ul><li><a href="ALVAC-CEA_vaccine" title="ALVAC-CEA vaccine">ALVAC-CEA</a></li>

<li><a href="Hepatitis_B_vaccine" title="Hepatitis B vaccine">Hepatitis B</a>#</li>

<li><a href="HPV_vaccine" title="HPV vaccine">HPV</a>#

<ul><li><a href="Cervarix" title="Cervarix">Cervarix</a></li>

<li><a href="Gardasil" title="Gardasil">Gardasil</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Prostvac" title="Prostvac">Prostvac</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="NicVAX" title="NicVAX">NicVAX</a></li>

<li><a href="Ovandrotone_albumin" title="Ovandrotone albumin">Ovandrotone albumin (Fecundin)</a></li>

<li>combination:

<li><a href="Hexavalent_vaccine" title="Hexavalent vaccine">Hexavalent vaccine</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inventors/ researchers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Edward_Jenner" title="Edward Jenner">Edward Jenner</a></li>

<li><a href="Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur">Louis Pasteur</a></li>

<li><a href="Hilary_Koprowski" title="Hilary Koprowski">Hilary Koprowski</a></li>

<li><a href="Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk">Jonas Salk</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Franklin_Enders" title="John Franklin Enders">John Franklin Enders</a></li>

<li><a href="Maurice_Hilleman" title="Maurice Hilleman">Maurice Hilleman</a></li>

<li><a href="Stanley_Plotkin" title="Stanley Plotkin">Stanley Plotkin</a></li>

<li><a href="H._Fred_Clark" title="H. Fred Clark">H. Fred Clark</a></li>

<li><a href="Paul_Offit" title="Paul Offit">Paul Offit</a></li>

<li><a href="Katalin_Karik%C3%B3" title="Katalin Karikó">Katalin Karikó</a></li>

<li><a href="Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Drew Weissman</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Controversy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Vaccine_hesitancy" title="Vaccine hesitancy">General</a></li>

<li><a href="MMR_vaccine_and_autism" title="MMR vaccine and autism">MMR</a> (<a href="Lancet_MMR_autism_fraud" title="Lancet MMR autism fraud">Lancet MMR autism fraud</a>)</li>

<li><a href="National_Childhood_Vaccine_Injury_Act" title="National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act">NCVIA</a></li>

<li><a href="Pox_party" title="Pox party">Pox party</a></li>

<li><a href="Thiomersal_and_vaccines" title="Thiomersal and vaccines">Thiomersal</a></li>

<li><a href="Vaccines_and_SIDS" title="Vaccines and SIDS">Vaccines and SIDS</a></li>

<li><a href="Cedillo_v._Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="Cedillo v. Secretary of Health and Human Services">Cedillo v. Secretary of Health and Human Services</a></li>

<li><a href="Alternative_vaccination_schedule" title="Alternative vaccination schedule">Alternative vaccination schedule</a></li>

<li><a href="2000_Simpsonwood_CDC_conference" title="2000 Simpsonwood CDC conference">2000 Simpsonwood CDC conference</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Epidemiology" title="Epidemiology">Epidemiology</a></li>

<li><a href="Eradication_of_infectious_diseases" title="Eradication of infectious diseases">Eradication of infectious diseases</a></li>

<li><a href="Vaccinate_Your_Family" title="Vaccinate Your Family">Vaccinate Your Family</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_vaccine_topics" title="List of vaccine topics">List of vaccine topics</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: transparent; padding: 0px;"><div><div class="hlist">

<li>‡<a href="List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li>

<li><a href="Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>:

<ul><li>†<a href="Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li>

<li>§Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul>

</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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